![]() ![]() It is the process that plants, algae and some bacteria use to transform sunlight into chemical energy and thus they can feed, grow and develop. 5 examples of anabolism 1- Photosynthesis In this process of cellular respiration, proteins and fats are assimilated, transforming them into energy. This process is present in each and every cell of living beings. It is the final stage of oxidation, it is also known as the citric acid cycle. The chemical reactions caused by catabolism provide the body with all the energy it needs to perform a physical activity. The duration of physical activity is very important because after 20 minutes of activity, the body experiences changes in the use of glucose and glycogen that uses fat to maintain the energy needs of the body. Within this type of exercises would be: riding a bicycle, swimming, dancing or any physical activity whose duration is equal to or greater than 20 minutes with moderate intensity. It is that exercise that consumes oxygen and burns calories and fat. This lactic acid produced in the muscle cells is transported by the blood to the liver, where it is converted again and is processed in normal way in the cellular respiration. This happens for example, after performing physical exercise. Muscle cells perform the fermentation of lactic acid when they have little oxygen. It consists of a way to obtain energy, in the absence of oxygen, that breaks down glucose. ![]() These ATP molecules are found in all living things. In cellular respiration the sugars (glucose) are converted into ATP molecules. 2- Cellular respirationĬellular respiration consists of breaking large molecules of organic compounds (mainly glucose) into smaller ones releasing the energy needed to nourish cellular activities and produce the ATP molecules. This stored energy is the one used for reactions in the anabolism phase. In this process energy is released, which accumulates inside the body's ATP molecules. 10 examples of catabolism and anabolism 5 examples of catabolism 1- Digestionīy eating the body it breaks down the organic nutrients into components easier to use for the body. Normally during this process the use of energy is necessary. ![]() Further, these inhibitory effects appears to be much stronger on Nitrobacter than on Nitrosomonas, supporting that FA and FNA inhibition may play a major role in the elimination of nitrite oxidizing bacteria in processes treating wastewater containing a high level of nitrogen.In all processes of transformation of energy, heat is generated, which is why all living things give off heat.Ĭatabolism disintegrates molecules into smaller units through a series of chemical reactions that release energy during this process.Ĭatabolism is responsible for creating the energy needed by anabolism for the synthesis of hormones, enzymes, sugars and other substances that produce cell growth, reproduction and tissue repair.Īnabolism is built or reorganized molecules through a series of chemical reactions, making them more complex. At the same level of FA, the energy production capability of Nitrobacter was only inhibited by 12%, whereas an FNA level of up to 0.024 mgHNO2-N.L(-1) did not show any inhibition on the energy production of Nitrobacter. The biosynthesis of Nitrobacter was totally inhibited at an FA level of 6.0 mgNH3-N.L(-1) (or above) or an FNA level of 0.02 mgHNO2-N.L(-1) (or above). Both FA and FNA were found to have strong inhibition on the anabolic processes of Nitrobacter, but with limited inhibitory effects on the catabolism of this culture. ![]() While an FNA level of 0.40-0.63 mgHNO2-N.L(-1) inhibited the energy production capability of Nitrosomonas by 50%, the growth process of the culture was completely inhibited by FNA at a concentration of 0.40 mgHNO2-N.L(-1). FA up to 16.0 mgNH3-N.L(-1) was not found to have any inhibitory effect on either the catabolic or anabolic processes of the Nitrosomonas culture, but both these processes were inhibited by FNA. Batch tests were carried out to measure the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) by the enriched cultures at various FA and FNA levels, in the presence (OUR with CO2 ) or absence (OUR without CO2) of inorganic carbon (CO2, HCO*3 and CO 2*3). Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that the reactors were 82% and 73% enriched with Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, respectively. Lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated for the enrichment of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter. The inhibitory effects of free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) on the catabolic and anabolic processes of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter were investigated using a method that allows decoupling the growth and energy generation processes. ![]()
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